The baua: Preprint series consists of preprints of manuscripts by authors at the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, BAuA) that are ready for publication and have already been submitted, or are intended for submission, to academic journals or publishing houses.

The goals of our baua: preprints are

• to make research results and findings accessible to the specialist academic audience as promptly as possible and
• to give other researchers the opportunity to comment on work done at BAuA, thus strengthening external quality assurance.

Internal review process has already taken place; the external review process by the relevant journals is still pending at the time the preprint is published.

All the information required for the quotation of articles published online can be found in each preprint's publication details. Following numerous academic citation guidelines, we recommend the use of the permanent, unambiguous digital object identifier (DOI) in references and bibliographies rather than internet addresses (URLs).